TREATMENT

The technology of pre-implantation genetic testing has been progressed tremendously. Pre-implantation genetic testing from was first developed in 1980 from PCR process to increase DNA in sex chromosome diseases. Due to some technical limitation, the testing could only find out gender of embryo but unable to examine genetic or chromosome disorders. The method could only transfer embryo in gender that there was no disease or could be only a carrier. So, the other embryo that could have a serious disease or could be normal was not used. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a specific method that can identify both gender and abnormal genes and chromosomes. This is why the technology of pre-implantation genetic testing has been improving in order to increase DNA and more precise treatment such as Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), real time PCR and Karyomapping. Now, the technology that is used to perform pre-implantation genetic testing is Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). 

Next Generation Sequencing is to a parallel sequencing technology that can find out the sequence of bases quickly and can check all 24 of embryo chromosomes at the same time as shown in picture 1 and 2, and it is 95-97% accurate. Because now we examine embryo during the stage of Blastocyst, we can obtain more cells and more correct results. In addition, besides finding out the absence and the excessiveness of whole chromosomes, we can find out segmental aneuploidy too while the old techniques as such FISH or CGH are unable to perform. Moreover, NGS helps increase the chances of getting pregnant and reduce having miscarriage to 50%. 

Picture 1 demonstrates female embryo with normal chromosomes using NGS method: 46 XX.

Picture 2 demonstrates male embryo with normal chromosome using NGS method: 46 XY.

By Assoc.Prof. Matchuporn Sukprasert